genome search | EU-SAGE

Genome-editing techniques are promising tools in plant breeding. To facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the use of genome editing, EU-SAGE developed an interactive, publicly accessible online database of genome-edited crop plants as described in peer-reviewed scientific publications.
The aim of the database is to inform interested stakeholder communities in a transparent manner about the latest evidence about the use of genome editing in crop plants. Different elements including the plant species, traits, techniques, and applications can be filtered in this database.
Regarding the methodology, a literature search in the bibliographic databases and web pages of governmental agencies was conducted using predefined queries in English. Identifying research articles in other languages was not possible due to language barriers. Patents were not screened.
Peer-reviewed articles were screened for relevance and were included in the database based on pre-defined criteria. The main criterium is that the research article should describe a research study of any crop plant in which a trait has been introduced that is relevant from an agricultural and/or food/feed perspective. The database does neither give information on the stage of development of the crop plant, nor on the existence of the intention to develop the described crop plants to be marketed.
This database will be regularly updated. Please contact us via the following webpage in case you would like to inform us about a new scientific study of crops developed for market-oriented agricultural production as a result of genome editing

Displaying 355 results

Traits related to biotic stress tolerance

Highly significant reduction in susceptibility to fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Apple is one of the most cultivated fruit crops throughout the temperate regions of the world.
( Pompili et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Università degli Studi di Udine
Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy

Viral resistance: increased resistance to infection with the potato virus Y (PVY) and tolerance to salt and osmotic stress. PVY is one of the most economically important potato pathogens
(Makhotenko et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Russia Moscow State University, Russia
Doka Gene Technologies Ltd, USA

Bacterial resistance: Increased resistance to Erwinia amylovora, causing fire blight disease that threatens the apple and a wide range of ornamental and commercial Rosaceae host plants.
(Malnoy et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy
ToolGen Inc.
Institute for Basic Science
Seoul National University, South Korea

Disease resistant thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) with enhanced resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.
( Li et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance to both blast and bacterial blight diseases, two major diseases having devastating impact on the yield of rice in most rice-growing countries.
(Zhou et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Huazhong Agricultural University
Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd
Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center
Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd, China

Bacterial resistance: Resistance/moderately resistance against Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo). BLB is a major constraint in rice production.
(Arulganesh et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India

Enhanced resistance to insects, no serotonin production and higher salicylic acid levels. Rice brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål) and striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) are the two most serious pests in rice production.
( Lu et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Wuxi Hupper Bioseed Ltd.
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, China
Newcastle University, UK

Viral resistance: Partial resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV). RBSDV is a serious threat in Chinese rice production.
(Wang et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens M. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (but increased susceptibility to Cochliobolus miyabeanus)
(Kim et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Seoul National University
Kyung Hee University, South Korea
Pennsylvania State University, USA

Broad-spectrum resistance against multiple Potato virus Y (PVY)-strains.
( Noureen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS)
University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), Pakistan

Significant resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani and rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae.
( Hu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Jiangxi Agricultural University
Wuhan Towin Biotechnology Company Limited, China

Disease-resistant and fertile varieties.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University

Hubei Hongshan Laborator, China

Broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance.
( Xu et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Viral resistance: reduced viral accumulation and amelioration of virus-induced symptoms by Potato Virus Y.
(Lucioli et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

ENEA
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Italy
National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Hungary

Viral resistance: resistance to rice tungro disease (RTD), the most important viral disease that limits rice production.
(Kumam et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, India

Bacterial resistance: improved resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, which causes bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Oliva et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Rice Research Institute, Philippines
University of Missouri
University of Florida
Iowa State University
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
Université Montpellier, France
Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Nagoya University, Japan

Fungal resistance: increased resistance against the fungus Pyricularia oryzae, causing rice blast, one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice worldwide.
(Távora et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Federal University of Juiz de Fora
Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology
Catholic University of Brasilia
Catholic University of Dom Bosco, Brazil
Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD)
University of Montpellier
Montpellier SupAgro, France

Bacterial resistance: enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Kim et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sejong University, South Korea

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively.
(Peng et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Shandong Agricultural University
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China

Viral resistance: Resistance to Potato Virus Y (PVY), one of the most devastating viral pathogens causing substantial harvest losses.
(Zhan et al., 2019)

CRISPR/Cas

Hubei University
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Max‐Planck‐Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Germany

Fungal resistance: increased resistance to Phytophthora infestans, causing late blight disease, the most serious disease of potato crops worldwide. The pathogen can infect the leaves, stems and tubers of potato plants. An unprotected field can be completely destroyed in several days.
(Kieu et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Shan et al., 2013)

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
University of Minnesota, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zafar et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
University of Information Technology
Engineering and Management Sciences
Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pakistan

Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, causing rice blast, one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice worldwide.
(Wang et al., 2016)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agriculture, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zhou et al., 2015)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Iowa State University, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Blanvillain-Baufumé et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

IRD-CIRAD-Université, France

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Li et al., 2012)

SDN1
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Wang et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

National University of Singapore, Singapore

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Xie et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zhou et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Center for Plant Gene Research
Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Li et al., 2013)

SDN1
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA
Guangxi University, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Cai et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Bacterial and fungal resistance: Resistance to bacterial blight and rice blight. Also spontaneous cell death, altered seed dormancy (pre-harvest sprouting) and enhanced growth.
(Liao et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Viral resistance: resistance to rice tungro spherical virus, causing rice tungro disease (RTD). RTD is a serious threat for rice production in tropical Asia.
(Macovei et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease in Southeast Asia and West Africa. Bacteria enter the host and produce a toxin, which prevents the production of chlorophyl.
(Han et al., 2020)

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hainan University, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease in Southeast Asia and West Africa.
(Wei et al., 2021)

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease.
(Li et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

College of Life Science and Technology &
College of Horticulture &
Forestry Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Xu et al., 2021)

SDN1
TALENs

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Crop Diseases Research Institute, Pakistan

Bacterial resistance: Strong resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae, causing bacterial blight, a devastating rice disease resulting in yield losses.
(Zeng et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Enhanced blast disease resistance
( Liao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Fungal resistance: Enhanced resistance to blast without affecting the major agronomic traits. Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a devastating disease affecting rice production globally
(Nawaz et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Fungal resistance: Improved resistance to false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. False smut is one of the major fungal diseases of rice.
(Liang et al., 2018)

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A&
F University
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China

Bacterial and fungal resistance: increased resistance against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae causing bacterial blight and rice blast, respectively.
(Liu et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice and Rapeseed Breeding for Disease Resistance
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, China

Visual detection of Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight in potato, which poses a persistant threat to potato production worldwide. The platform is specific, sensitive and suitable for high-throughput detection.
( Guo et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin University
Jilin Agricultural University
Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, China

Fungal and bacterial resistance: improved resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae–caused rice blast and bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas oryzae. Rice blast and bacterial leaf streak are deadly diseases that can lead to serious damage.
(Yang et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University
Guangxi Lvhai
Seed Co., China

Viral resistance: Resistance against potato leaf roll virus, potato virus Y, potato virus X and potato virus S, which have been recognized as the major potato viruses.
(Zhan et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hubei University
Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Broad-spectrum disease resistance without yield loss.
( Sha et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Chengdu Normal University
Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Anhui Agricultural University
BGI-Shenzhen
Northwest A&
F University
Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Université de Bordeaux, France
University of California
The Joint BioEnergy Institute, USA
University of Adelaide, Australia

Fungal resistance: broad-spectrum resistance to rice pathogens without adverse effects in terms of growth and yield.
(Chen et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Fungal resistance: Improved resistance against Phytophtora without affecting potato growth and development.
(Bi et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
South China Agricultural University
Shanghai Normal University
Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Bacterial resistance: Plant moderately resistant against a strain of the gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xoo severely impacts rice productivity by causing bacterial leaf blight disease.
(Bhagya Sree et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India

Fungal resistance: Improved resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae.
(Lijuan et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China

Enhanced resistance against rice bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS).
( Wang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang Normal University, China

Detection assay for brassica yellows virus (BrYV) detection. BrYV is an economically important virus threatening cruciferous species.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University
Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences
Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance to blast and bacterial blight.
(Zhang et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Fungal and bacterial resistance: Increased resistance to late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, common scab, and the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani.
(Karlsson et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Bacterial resistance: Enhanced resistance against Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which causes significant economic losses globally.
(Ramasamy et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M AgriLife Research and Extension Center
Texas A&
M University
Texas A&
M AgriLife, USA

Rapid detection of Bacillus cereus, which is a foodborne pathogen that can cause different diseases through production of enterotoxins.
( Li et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Guangzhou Wanlian Biotechnology Co., China

Bacterial resistance: bacterial leaf-blight resistance, which is a destructive disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. and threatens rice production in tropical and temperate regions.
(Kim et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chungbuk National University
Hankyong National University, Korea

Sensitive on-site diagnosis of Rice bakanae disease, caused by F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, and F. andiyazi.
( Zhang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Agricultural University, China

Bacterial resistance: broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight. Rice bacterial blight is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and forms a threat to rice populations in Southeast Asia and West Africa.
(Li et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A &
F University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Viral resistance: improved resistance against the Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus, which can cause significant crop losses.
(Zhang et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Ningbo University, China

Fungal resistance: Decreased susceptibility against sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AGI-1A and is one of the three major rice diseases. Sheath blight disease can cause severe yield losses.
(Gao et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Fuzhou University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wenzhou Agricultural Science Research Institute, China

Fungal resistance: improved sheath blight resistance. Sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AGI-1A and is one of the three major rice diseases. Sheath blight disease can cause severe yield losses.
(Cao et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agricultural College of Yangzhou University
Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Science
Yangzhou University
Testing Center of Yangzhou University
Ministry of Agriculture
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, China
BASF, Germany

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agricultural College of Yangzhou University
Yangzhou University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing Three Gorges University
Shenyang Agricultural University
Nankai University
Northeast Forestry University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hebei Agricultural University
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China
The Ohio State University, USA

Fungal resistance: Resistance against the blast fungus Mangaporthe oryzae.
(Bundó et al., 2024)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científcas (CSIC), Spain
Academia Sinica No 128, Taiwan

Bacterial resistance: Resistance against African Xanthomonas oryzae isolates, causing agents of bacterial blight. Bacterial blight threatens rice populations in Asia and West Africa.
(Li et al., 2024)

University of Missouri
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA
Department of Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Traits related to abiotic stress tolerance

Drought tolerance and abscisic acid sensitivity.
( Lou et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Potassium deficiency tolerance and contribution to stomatal closure.
( Mao et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
National Center of Rice Improvement of China
National Engineering Laboratory of Rice
South Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China, China

Salt tolerance.
( Duan et al,. 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Arsenic (As) tolerance. As is toxic to organisms and elevated As accumulation may pose health risks to humans.
( Duan et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enhanced responses to abscisic acid (ABA), which plays an important role in drought stress responses in plants. Improved drought tolerance through stomatal regulation and increased primary root growth under non-stressed conditions.
( Ogata et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS)
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
University of Tsukuba, Japan

Enhanced resistance to salt and oxidative stress and increased grain yield.
( Alfatih et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Drought and salt tolerance.
( Kumar et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute
Bhartidasan University, India

Improved yield and cold tolerance. High yield and high cold tolerance were often antagonistic to each other.
( Zeng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China

Drought tolerance.
( Zhao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hebei Normal University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Curled leaf phenotype and improved drought tolerance.
( Liao et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Increased tolerance to drought trough reducing water loss. Tuber development.
( Gonzales et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands
Centro Nacional de Biotecnología – CSIC
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spain

Enhanced the tolerance of plants to salt (NaCl), the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stresses.
( Yue et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Hunan Agricultural University, China

Drought tolerance by modulating lignin accumulation in roots.
( Bang et al, 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Seoul National University, South Korea

Salinity tolerance. Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stress factors affecting rice production worldwide.
( Lim et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kangwon National University
Sangji University
Kyung Hee University, South Korea

Enhanced salinity tolerance.
( Zhang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China

Enhances adaptation to direct-seeding on wet land and tolerance to drought stress in rice. Water stress is the most important factor limiting rice agriculture by either floods or drought.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China

Increased tolerance to salinity stress. Improved rice yields in saline paddy fields by root angle modifications to adapt to climate change.
( Kitomi et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
Tohoku University
Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
Advanced Analysis Center
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan

More tolerant to chilling stress: increased survival rate, decreased membrane permeability, and reduced lipid peroxidation.
(Xu et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan University of Science and Technology
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Improved salt stress resistance. Significant increase in the shoot weight, the total chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll fluorescence under salt stress. Also high antioxidant activities coincided with less reactive oxygen species (ROS).
( Shah Alam et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China
Taif University, Saudi Arabia
Alexandria University, Egypt

Better salinity tolerance.
( Ma et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Chilling tolerance.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jilin University, China

Improved rice growth with increased plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content but with a lower degree of oxidative injury and Cd accumulation.
( Cao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Salt tolerance during the seedling stage.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agriculture University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China

Improved drought tolerance and yield.
( Usman et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Improved salinity tolerance.
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Taiwan University, Taiwan
University of North Carolina, USA

Reduced uptake of lead (Pb). Lead is one of the most toxic metals affecting human health globally and food is an important source of chronic Pb exposure in humans.
( Chang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Increased water-deficit tolerance.
( Lv et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University, China

Reduced cadmium content. Cadmium poses a health treat, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms.
( Hao et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan University of Arts and Science
Hunan Normal University, China

Increased tolerance to cold stress.
( Teper-Bamnolker et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The Volcani Institute
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Danziger Innovations Limited, Israel

Increased tolerance to cadmium toxicity.
( Yue et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased tolerance to low temperatures.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nankai University
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China

Increased drought tolerance. Plants showed lower ion leakage and higher proline content upon abiotic stress.
( Kim et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chungbuk National University
Hankyong National University

Institute of Korean Prehistory, South Korea

Enhanced cadmium resistance with reduced cadmium accumulation in roots and shoots. Cadmium is a heavy metal, harmful for human health.
( Dang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China

Fruits insensitive to the effectss of high temperature stress and with reduced browning phenotype caused by high temperatures.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northwest A &
F University
College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, China

Increased cuticular wax biosynthesis resulting in enhanced drought tolerance.
( Shim et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Seoul National University
Incheon National University
Kyung Hee University, South Korea

Salt-tolerant plants.
( Jingfang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science
Nanjing Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enhanced rice salinity tolerance and absisic acid hypersensitivity.
( Yan et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanchang University, China

Early heading phenotype that escapes from cold stress and achieves high yield potential.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Institute of Lianyungang Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Area/Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Cold tolerance.
( Park et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Institute of Crop Science
Kyungpook National University, South Korea

Enhanced chilling tolerance at seedling stage without yield loss.
( Deng et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yuelushan Laboratory, China

Improved lodging resistance.
( Wakasa et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
Institute of Crop Sciences, Japan

Decreased Cadmium (Cd) accumulation. Consumption of crops that absorb Cd from the soil can cause serious health problems in humans.
( He et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan Agricultural University, China

Enhanced salt tolerance.
( Ly et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam

Reduced arsenic content. Arsenic accumulation in rice poses a threat to human health.
( Singh et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute
CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, India

Shorter internode length, reduced plant height and a thicker culm wall, which might indicate lodging resistance.
( Zhao et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Reduced cadmium contamination. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal.
( Zhu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Yangzhou University, China

Improved cold tolerance.
( Park et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rural Development Administration
Kyungpook National University
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Kyungpook National University
Jeonbuk National University, Korea
College of Marine and Bioengineering, China

Improved cold tolerance.
( Shibo et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, China

Improved salt tolerance.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University
Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Amylose-free starch in tubers.
( Toinga-Villafuerte et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M University, USA

Mutant cell lines doubled the accumulation level of anthocyanins biosynthesized. The production of these important pigments was stabilized over time.
( D'Amelia et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Research Council of Italy
University of Naples Federico II
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Italy

Low amylose content to improve the rice eating quality.
( Mao et al., 2022 )

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding
Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, China

Fine-tuning the amylose content, one of the major contributors to the eating and cooking quality.
( Zhang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Normal University, China

Fragrant glutinous hybrid rice.
( Tian et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Waxy rice which lacks amylose. Waxy rice is regarded as a high-quality rice variant, also known as glutinous rice. Due to the unique properties of waxy rice starch, it is extensively used in the chemical industry, medicine, and daily human life.
( Fu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
Meishan Dongpo District Agricultural and Rural Bureau, China

Reduced browning and acrylamide. Acrylamide is a contaminant which forms during the baking, toasting and high-temperature processing of foods and is regarded as a potential carcinogen and neurotoxin.
( Nguyen Phuoc Ly et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Murdoch University, Australia

Increased contents of GABA, protein, crude fat, and various mineral contents. GABA-rich rice varieties can promote human nutrition, and ensure health.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China

Increased amylose content in the seeds, thus a lower Glycemic Index (GI) value. Low GI rice is preferred to avoid a sudden rise in glucose in the bloodstream. Starch with a high GI threatens healthy individuals to get diabetes type II and proves extremely harmful for existing diabetes type II patients.
( Jameel et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jamia Millia Islamia
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Enriched levels of Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). GABA lowers blood pressure, has anti-aging effects, and activates the liver and kidney.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Low glutelin content in the rice germplasm: patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) need to eat rice with low glutelin content.
(Chen et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Henan Agricultural University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Improved cold storage and processing traits: lower levels of reduced sugars
(Yasmeen et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of the Punjab, Pakistan

Reduction of phytic acid (PA) in seeds. PA has adverse effects on essential mineral absorption and thus is considered as an anti-nutritive for monogastric animals.
( Khan et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Yangtze University, China

Improved grain quality. The amylose content, gel consistency and pasting viscosity of grain starches are influencing the grain appearance, cooking/eating quality and starch physical characters.
( Zeng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture
South China Agricultural University, China

Improved quality by reduced grain protein content (GPC). High GPC is negatively correlated between protein content and peak viscosity and breakdown value. High GPC is also positively correlated to protein content and hardness.
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, China

Facilitated Isoproturon Metabolism and Detoxification: Improved growth, the Isoproturon (IPU)-induced cellular damage was attenuated, and IPU accumulation was significantly repressed
(Zhai et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Production of opaque seeds with depleted starch reserves. Reduced starch content and increased amylose content. Accumulation of multiple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids and phytosterols.
( Baysal et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center
Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Spain
Royal Holloway University of London, UK

Negligible levels of the possibly toxic steroidal glykoalkaloids (SGAs), but enhanced levels of steroidal saponins, which has pharmaceutically useful functions.
( Akiyama et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kobe University
Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science
Osaka University, Japan

Improved starch quality. Starch has many food and technical applications and is often modified to certain specifications.
( Andersson et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Increased NH4+ and PO43− uptake, and photosynthetic activity under high CO2 conditions in rice. Largely increased panicle weight. Improved grain appearance quality or a decrease in the number of chalky grains.
( Iwamoto et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan

Increased RS. Cereals high in RS may be beneficial to improve human health and reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases.
( Biswas et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Texas A&
M Univ.
Avance Biosciences Inc., USA

Reduced Cd accumulation.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China

Carotenoid-enriched. Carotenoids, the source of pro vitamin A, are an essential component of dietary antioxidants.
( Dong et al., 2020 )

SDN3
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Innovative Genomics Institute
The Joint Bioenergy Institute, USA

Altered starch properties. Changes in amylopectin chain-lengths, starch granule initiation and branching frequency.
( Tuncel et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Norwich Research Park, UK

Fragrant rice. Introduction of aroma into any non-aromatic rice varieties.
( Ashokkumar et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India

Increased lysophospholipid content and enhanced cooking and eating quality. Lysophospholipid (LPL) is derived from the hydrolysis of phospholipids and plays an important role in rice grain quality.
( Khan et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China

Increased carotene accumulation in rice endosperm.
( Shao et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, China

Biofortification: Enhanced Zinc and Manganese tolerance and increased Zinc and Manganese accumulation in rice grains.
(Qiao et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenzhen University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Aromatic three-line hybrid.
( Hui et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Increased grain amylose content. Improving grain quality is one of the most important goals in rice breeding. Contribute to the breeding of rice cultivars with better eating and cooking quality, as cooking and eating quality is determined from amylose content.
( Liu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
China National Seed Group Co., China

Reduced steroidal glycoalkaloids.
( Yasumoto et al., 2019 )

TALENs

Osaka University
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
Kobe University, Japan

High gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. GABA plays a key role in plant stress responses, growth, development and as a nutritional component of grain can also reduce the likelihood of hypertension and diabetes. Increased amino acid content. Higher seed weight and seed protein content.
( Akama et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shimane University
Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Yokohama City University, Japan

Increased flavonoid content, functioning as allelochemicals and insect deterrents.
( Lam et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shenzhen
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Nanjing Forestry University, China
Kyoto University, Japan

Low Cadmium (Cd) accumulating. Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to virtually all living organisms, including plants.
( Songmei et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry
Zhejiang University
Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased grain weight and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased.
( Guo et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Imrpoved rice eating and cooking quality with down-regulated rice grain protein content, which is negatively regulated to ECQ.
( Yang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Improved aleurone layer with enhanced grain protein content. Improved grain nutritional quality by improved accumulation of essential dietary minerals (Fe, Zn, K, P, Ca) in the endosperm of rice grain. Improved root and shoot architecture.
( Achary et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India

Generation of a new glutinous Photothermosensitive Genic-Male-Sterile (PTGMS) line with a low amylose content. PTMGS line combines high-quality and high-light-efficiency use, disease and stress resistance.
( Teng et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Reduction of amylose content (AC). AC is the predominant factor determining rice eating and cooking quality.
( He et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northeast Agricultural University, China

Reduction in cadmium accumulation. Cadmium is a heavy metal, harmful for human health. Cadmium accumulation represents a severe threat to people consuming rice as a staple food.
( Yang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

High-quality sugar production by rice (98% sucrose content). Carbohydrates are an essential energy-source. Sugarcane and sugar beet were the only two crop plants used to produce sugar.
( Honma et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China
Faculty of Engineering
Kitami Institute of Technology
NagoyaUniversity
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
Carnegie Institution for Science, USA

Reduce malnutrition by decreasing antinutrient phytic acid (PA) and increasing Iron and Zinc accumulation. PA has adverse effects on essential mineral absorption and thus is considered as an anti-nutritive for monogastric animals.
( Ibrahim et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad
National Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan

Production of high amylose and resistant starch rice. Starch accounts for 80 to 90% of the total mass of rice seeds and is low in resistant starch (RS), which is beneficial in preventing various diseases. Starch with high amylose content (AC) and RS have a lower GI value. Foods with low GI value have beneficial effects on glycemic control.
( Wang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Chiayi University
Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Branch, Taiwan

Fragrance by accumulation of the natural aroma substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Fragrance is one of the most important rice quality traits, with 2AP being the major contributor to aroma.
( Tang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Improved amylose levels to influence grain eating and cooking quality (ECQ).
( Huang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Reduction of harmful ingredients: toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs).
(Sawai et al., 2014)

SDN1
TALENs

RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
Chiba University, Japan

Complete abolition of glycoalkaloids, causing a bitter taste and toxic to various organisms.
( Nakayasu et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kobe University, Japan

Starch with an increased amylose ratio and elongated amylopectin chains. In food products, high amylose content and long amylopectin chains contribute to a low glycaemic index (GI) after intake, playing a role in health benefits.
( Zhao et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología (INTA), Argentina

Reduction of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). SGAs in most potato tissues are toxic to humans when the fresh weight is over 200mg/kg. High SGAs content also damage the quality of potato tubers.
( Zheng et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Qinghai University, China

Improve glutinosity in elite varieties. Decreased amylose content without affecting other desirable agronomic traits.
( Zhang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University
University of Queensland, USA

Fragrant rice.
( Shan et al., 2015 )

SDN1
TALENs

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Increased amylose content. Cereals high in amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential health benefits and reduce risks of diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes and certain colon and rectum cancers.
( Sun et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
University of California, USA
University of Liege, Belgium

Reduced arsenic content, a highly toxic metalloid harming human health. Inorganic Arsenic is listed as a carcinogen.
( Ye et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Altered fatty acid composition. High oleic/low linoleic acid rice. Oleic acid has potential health benefits and helps decrease lifestyle disease.
( Abe et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan

Reduced cesium content. The production of radiocesium in food in contaminated soils is a serious health concern.
( Nieves-Cordones et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Université Montpellier, France

Reduced cadmium content. Cadmium poses a health treath, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms.
( Tang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Normal University, China

Carotenoid accumulation to solve the problem of vitamin A deficiency that is prevalent in developing countries.
( Endo et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Ishikawa Prefectural University, Japan

Fine-tuning the amylose content, one of the major contributors to the eating and cooking quality.
( Xu et al., 2021 )

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Fragrant rice by introducing aroma into non-aromatic rice varieties. The genome edited fragrant rice was then used as starting material for molecular breeding to introduce both fragrance and high anthocyanin levels in rice.
( Shi et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS)
Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, China

Lowered amylose content and viscosity, risen gel consistency and gelatinization temperature values, all resulting in improved eating and cooking quality.
( Song et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu University
Institute of Food Crops
Yangzhou University, China

Improved starch quality by reducing the levels of amylose, thus increasing the amylopectin content.
( Ali et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI)
Ain Shams University Faculty of Agriculture, Egypt

Reduced grain chalkiness.
( Gann et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cell and Molecular Biology Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA

Amylose-free tubers.
( Abeuova et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Center for Biotechnology (NCB)
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan

Reduced levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organic pollutants which have great ecological and health risks, in the edible parts.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, China

Decreased cadmium accumulation in rice grain, while leaving important agronomic traits including yield, unaffected. Cadmium poses a health threat, as it is a highly toxic heavy metal for most living organisms
( Luo et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
China National Rice Research Institute
Southern University of Science and Technology, China

Rice grain with a reduced amino acid and total protein content without affecting the agronomic traits of the plant. Additionally, the grain showed improved cooking and eating quality.
( Yang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Highly specific detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereal samples. OTA is classified as a Class 2B carcinogens. The method can be flexibly customized to detect a wide range of small molecular targets and holds great promise as a versatile sensing kit with applications in various fields requiring sensitive and specific detection of diverse analytes.
( Chen et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ningbo University
Hainan University
Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, China
University of New South Wales, Australia

High amylose content. High-amylose starches are digested slowly which could provide increased satiety and reduced risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer.
( Kim et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kyungpook National University
National Institute of Crop Science, South Korea

Reduced arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grain. Inorganic As is a carcinogen and decreasing the accumulation would improve the food safety of rice.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Slender grains in bold grain varieties.
( Shanthinie et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India

Increased iron content in potato plants. Iron is an essential micronutrient.
( Chauhan et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Panjab University
Panjab University
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, India
University of Minnesota, USA

Decrease in percentage of grains with chalkiness and chalkiness degree.
( Fan et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangtze University
Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science
Yichang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Traits related to increased plant yield and growth

Improvement of yield by reducing the "easy to shatter" trait. Reduced seed shattering ensures better stability during the harvesting processes and improved yields.
( Sheng et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center
Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased yield under different environmental conditions: well-watered, drought, normal nitrogen and low nitrogen field conditions and at multiple geographical locations.
(Wang et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sinobioway Bio-Agriculture Group Co.
Ltd
Corteva Agriscience
Johnston, USA

Improved rice photosynthetic efficiency and yield: increased light saturation points, stomatal conductance, light tolerance and photosynthetic yields.
(Ye et al., 2021)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Semi-dwarf phenotype to improve product and lodging resistance.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Control grain size and seed coat color.
( Tra et al., 2021 )

International Rice Research Institute, Philippines
Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences Freie UniversitÃ¤t, Germany
Synthetic Biology, Biofuel and Genome Editing R&
D Reliance Industries Ltd, India

Increased yield potential by nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen fertilizer has been applied broadly to increase yield. However, low nitrogen use efficiency causes environmental pollution and ecological deterioration by the nitrogen fertilizers.
( Zhang et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhengzhou University, China

Improved grain yield by modulating pyruvate enzymes and cell cycle proteins, leading to increased grain size. The grain size is a major determinant for rice yield and a vital trait for domestication and breeding.
( Usman et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Improved yield and fragrance.
( Usman et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University, China

Early flowering and maturity. Flowering time (heading date) is an important trait for crop yield and cultivation.
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sinobioway Bio-Agriculture Group, Co., China
Corteva™ Agriscience, USA

Plant architecture: high tillering and reduced height.
(Butt et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia

Improved nitrogen use efficiency.
( Li et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
University of California, USA

Improvement of grain weight. Longer panicle.
( Xu et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China
China Three Gorges University, China

Altered grain number per panicle and increased seed weight.
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Altered grain number per panicle.
( Shen et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

National Rice Research Institute, China

Increased seed weight.
( Hu et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fudan University, China

Increased seed weight.
( Shen et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Increased seed weight.
( Ji et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University, China

Genetic diversity.
( Shen et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Yangzhou University, China

Promote outgrowth buds and increase tiller number.
( Lu et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering
Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Generating male sterility lines (MLS). Using MLS in hybrid seed production for monoclinous crops reduces costs and ensures high purity of the varieties because it does not produce pollen and has exserted stigmas. Complete abolition of pollen development.
( Lee et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kyung Hee University, South Korea

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Regulation of pollen tube growth. The tube grows in female reproductive tissues to transport two sperm cells into the embryo sac for double fertilization during sexual reproduction.
( Liu et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Increased grain number per main panicle and an increased seed settling rate.
( Qian et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China

Grain yield, regulation of seed development.
( Yuan et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Generation of important yield-related trait characteristics: dense and erect panicles and reduced plant height.
(Wang et al., 2017)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Syngenta Biotechnology, China

Longer grains and increased glume cell length.
( Sheng et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Reduced seed dormancy: rapid and uniform germination of seeds is important for rice production. Mutant seeds began to germinate 1 day after sowing, while WT seeds needed 2 days.
(Jung et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hankyong National University
Chungbuk National University
Hanyang University, China
Central Luzon State University, Philippines

Plants with longer primary roots and more crown roots, as well as increased sensitivity to auxins and cytokinins. The rice root system is important for growth.
( Mao et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fudan University
Sichuan Agricultural University
Shanghai Normal University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Enhanced rice grain yield by decoupling panicle number and size
( Song et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shandong Agricultural University
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, China

Semi-dwarf phenotype. Plant height is an important agronomic trait of rice, it directly affects the yield potential and lodging resistance.
( Han et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guangxi University
South China Agricultural University
Guangxi University, China

Semi-dwarf phenotype with desired agronomic traits: tolerance to low phosporus levels and broad-spectrum resistance to diseases and insects.
(Hu et al., 2019)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Range of beneficial phenotypes: additional tillers and smaller culms and panicles.
(Cui et al., 2020)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Huazhong Agricultural University, China
Yangzhou University, Nagoya University, Japan

Increased grain yield without side effect.
( Gho et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Kyung Hee University, South Korea
International Rice Research Institute, Philippines

Improved rice grain shape and appearance quality. Potential application in breeding of rice varieties with optimized grain morphologies. Slender grain shape.
( Zhao et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Increased yield.
( Zhou et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Xichang University, China
University of Maryland, USA

Promoted rice growth and productivity.
( Miao et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA

Increased yield.
( Huang et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
BGI-Baoshan, China

Increased grain size and modulated shoot architecture.
( Miao et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang A&
F University
Nanchang University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Purdue University, USA

Dwarf and high tillering phenotypes.
( Yang et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenzhen University
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China

Dwarf stature and a lesion-mimic phenotype. Fungal resistance: enhanced resistance to the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Increased content of salicylic acid and induced plant defense responses.
(Ma et al., 2018)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Peking University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Improved grain yield by promoting outgrowth buds and increasing tiller number.
( Lu et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Dwarf phenotype.
( Lawrenson et al., 2015 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Norwich Research Park, UK
Murdoch University, USA

Rapid improvement of domestication traits and genes that control plant architecture, flower production and fruit size. Major productivity traits are improved in an orphan crop.
( Lemmon et al., 2018 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Cold Spring Harbor
The Boyce Thompson Institute
Cornell University, USA

Improved grain length and weight by promoting cell proliferation in spikelet hull
( Wu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University, China

Improved grain quality without severe yield penalty under nitrogen reduction conditions.
( He et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University
Tianjin Tianlong Science and Technology Co. LTD.
National Japanica Rice Research and Development Center, China

Improved rice yield and immunity.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Higher yield than wild-type (WT) plants due to increased grain number per panicle, elevated grain weight, and enhanced harvest index.
( Wei et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shanghai Normal University, China

Improved grain length and weight by promoting cell proliferation.
( Wu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chongqing University, China

Increased water use efficiency without growth reductions in well-watered conditions.
( Blankenagel et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Technical University of Munich
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
German Research Center for Environmental Health
KWS SAAT SE &
Co.KGaA
Université Technique de Munich
Heinrich Heine University, Germany
LEPSE - Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux, France

Increased rice grain size and yield.
( Wang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., China

Reduced seed shattering. Seed shattering is one of the main constraints on grain production in African cultivated rice, which causes severe grain losses during harvest.
( Ning et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University, China
Africa Rice Center, Benin

Increased grain size and chalkiness.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Henan Agricultural University, China

Increased grain size.
( Chen et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Huazhong Agricultural University
Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased grain number due to increased meristem activity and enhanced panicle branching.
( Li et al., 2013 )

SDN1
ZFN

Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center
Wuhan University, China

Delayed heading date, increased yield and reduced chalkiness under field high temperature stress.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China

OsGEF5 and OsGDI1 single mutants show significantly reduced height and longer and thinner grains.
( Shad et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China

Increased grain yield under phosphorus-deficient conditions.
( Ishizaki et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Japan

Early flowering time. Flowering time (heading date) is an important trait for crop yield and cultivation.
( Yin et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University, China

Accelerated seedling growth. Because seedling growth and development are the basis of rice tillering and reproduction, rapid seedling growth and fast sprouting from the soil are vital for the emergence rate and yield.
( Teng et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hangzhou Normal University
Inner Mongolia University
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Longer root hairs. Root hairs effectively enlarge the soil-root contact area and play essential roles for nutrient and water absorption.
( Yang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Linyi University
Hunan Agricultural University, China

Improved yield under short day conditions.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Increased nitrogen utilization efficiency under high nitrate concentrations.
( Hang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Increased stomatal density, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. Fine tuning the stomatal traits can enhance climate resilience in crops.
( Rathnasamy et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Sugarcane Breeding Institute, India

Enhanced photosynthesis.
( Caddell et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS)
University of California at Berkeley
Utah State University
Texas A&
M University, USA

Increases size of starch granules. Granule size is a key parameter for industrial processing. Larger granules may increase yield during processing and it has been shown in sweet potato that smaller starch granules degrade faster than large granules, so larger granule tubers may be beneficial for storage.
( Pfotenhauer et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Tennessee, USA

Altered plant architecture along with a shorter plant height, grain size and increased spikelets and grain density.
( Zhang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, China

Increased tiller number and grain yield.
( Cui et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The University of Tokyo
Kyoto University
National Institute of Crop Science, Japan

Leaf inclination: the leaf angle is a trait that contributes to crop yield determination.
(Trionfini et al., 2023)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina

Increased breaking force, leading to improved lodging resistance.
( Dang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China

Super-dwarf phenotype. Rice plants with compact growth habits and reduced plant height can be useful in some environments.
( Peng et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Hunan Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Agricultural College of Yangzhou University
Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, China

Improved lodging resistance in later growth stages due to shorter plant height with enhanced resistance to rice blast.
( Gang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science/Huai'
an Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology
Huaiyin Normal University
China National Rice Research Institute, China

Reduction of plant height through accumulation of ceramides. Plant height is an important agronomic trait of rice, it directly affects the yield potential and lodging resistance.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanchang University
Henan Agricultural University, China
Hokkaido University, Japan

Improved nitrogen use efficiency, growth and yield in low nitrogen environment.
( Liu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

The University of Tokyo, Japan

Early heading phenotype that escapes from cold stress and achieves high yield potential.
( Zhou et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University
Institute of Lianyungang Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Area/Lianyungang Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Delayed heading date with improved yield-related traits e.g. height, tiller number and grain weight.
( Li et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan
Modern Agriculture, China

Improved spikelet number per panicle led to increased grain yield per plant.
( Ludwig et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines
University of Pavia, Italy

Increased plant height, longer roots, smaller root growth angle and increased tuber weight.
( Zhao et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yunnan Agricultural University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xuanhan County Plant Quarantine Station
Yuguopu District Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center
Ning'
er County Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, China

Delayed flowering, which can increase grain yield and quality.
( Zhou et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Northeast Forestry University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beidahuang Group Erdaohe Farm CO., China

Increased grain yield and quality.
( Luo et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University, China
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Increased grain yield when grown at low latitudes.
( Song et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhejiang A&
F University, China

Improved lodging resistance and biomass saccharification.
( Wang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University, China

Enhanced tillering and yield.
( Jin et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Guizhou University, China

Longer rice grains with reduces plant height.
( Xu et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University
Shenyang Agricultural University, China

Increased rice grain yield under field conditions.
( Li et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University
Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Science
Neijiang Academy of Agricultural Science, China

Delayed flowering.
( Kim et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Myongji University, Korea

Earlier heading date. Heading date is one of the key agronomic traits that determines adaptation of rice cultivars.
( Wei et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University
Jiangsu Ruihua Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd, China

Increased grain length and yield.
( Zhang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University
Ningbo University, China

Traits related to industrial utilization

Early heading: in regions with short growing seasons, early maturing varieties to escape frost damage are required.
(Sohail et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute
Zhejiang A&
F University, China
Mir Chakar Khan Rind University
Agriculture Research System Khyber, Pakistan
Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh
Agriculture Research Center, Egypt

Early heading: timing of heading is crucial for the reproduction and the geographical expansion of cultivation of rice.
(Sun et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute
Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, China

Enabled clonal reproduction trough seeds. Application of the method may enable self-propagation of a broad range of elite F1 hybrid crops.
( Wang et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Université Paris-Saclay, France

Late flowering time.
( Li et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
China Zhejiang Zhengjingyuan Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. &
Hangzhou Zhengcaiyuan Pharmaceutical Co., China

Enhanced biological nitrogen fixation to reduce the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. Enhanced biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria by modified root microbiome structure.
( Yan et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Bayer Crop Science, USA

Enhanced genetic recombination frequency to increase genetic diversity and disrupting genetic interference.
( Liu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Thermosensitive genic male sterile lines with high blast resistance and fragrance quality. Resources for hybrid rice breeding.
( Liang et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China

Regulation of flowering time and drought tolerance: flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier.
(Gu et al., 2022)

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Yangzhou University, China

Wine fermentation: minimize ethyl carbamate (EC) accumulation. EC is a potential carcinogen to humans. EC is mainly produced through the reaction between urea and ethanol during the Chinese wine brewing process.
(Wu et al., 2020)

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangnan University
Zhejiang Shuren University, China

Generating male sterility lines (MSL). MS is the absence or non-function of pollen grain in plant or incapability of plants to produce or release functional pollen grains. Using MS lines eliminates the process of mechanical emasculation in hybrid seed production.
( Zou et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Sichuan Agricultural University, China

Albino phenotype, self-incompatibility and male sterility.
( Ma et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Southwest University, China

Rescued male fertility. Hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice subspecies.
( Shen et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources
Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions
South China Agricultural University, China

Early maturity of rice varieties. Rice is a tropical short-day plant. The northward cultivation in China is accompanied with daylength extension and temperature decrease, which are unfavorable for rice, to complete flowering and seed setting.
( Li et al., 2017 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Restoring cytoplasmic sterility.
( Kazama et al., 2019 )

SDN2
TALENs

Tohoku University
Tamagawa University
The University of Tokyo
National Institute of Genetics
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tamagawa University
Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan

Confer male sterility for hybrid seed production. Male sterility is an important trait, especially for self-pollinated crops such as rice.
( Ma et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

South China Agricultural University, China

Generation of a new thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line for hybrid breeding of indica rice.
( Barman et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute, China
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh

Fertility restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility.
( Suketomo et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Tohoku University, Japan

Male sterility and decreased total fatty acid content in the anther.
( Basnet et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University
Yangtze University, China

Generate self-compatible diploid potato lines for the application of efficient breeding methods.
( Enciso-Rodriguez et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Michigan State University, USA

Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male sterile lines to accelerate hybrid rice breeding.
( Zhou et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources
Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions
South China Agricultural University
China National Hybrid Rice R&
D Center, China

Induction of haploid plants and a reduced seed set for rice breeding.
( Yao et al., 2018 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

ZhongGuanCun Life Science Park, China
Syngenta India Limited
Technology Centre
Medchal Mandal, India
Syngenta Crop Protection
LLC
Research Triangle Park, USA

Asexual propagation trough seeds. Induction of apomeiosis, mitosis instead of meiosis. This proces leads to the production of genetically identical seeds, serving many applications in plant breeding.
( Khanday et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of California
Innovative Genomics Institute
Iowa State University, USA
Université Paris-Saclay, France

Genetic variability. The genetically reprogrammed rice plants can act as donor lines to stabilize important agronomic traits or can be a potential resource to create more segregating population.
( K et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Agricultural Sciences
Regional Centre for Biotechnology, India

Creation of photoperiod-/thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (P/TGMS) lines, important for commercial rice breeding. P/TGMS rice lines are useful germplasm resources for two-line hybrid breeding.
( Lan et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences
School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences
Peking University
Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement,China

Removal of methyl iodide emissions. The release of methyl iodide in the athmospere causes ozone depletion and thus represents an important environmental threat.
( Carlessi et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

PlantLab
Institute of Life Sciences
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna
University of Pisa
University of Milan, Italy

Enhanced biomass saccharification by altered lignin biosynthesis. The intrinsic recalcitrance of lignocellulose residues requires high energy input for bioethanol production.
( Zhang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Huazhong Agricultural University
Hubei University of Arts &
Science
Guangxi University, China

Prolonged basic vegetative growth periods for flexible cropping systems in southern China, as well as in other low-latitude regions. Most of the mid-latitude varities were sensitive to temperature or photoperiod, resulting in low grain yield when cultivated in low-latitude regions.
( Wu et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Minjiang University, China

Production of herbicide-sensitive strain to prevent volunteer infestation. Volunteer rice grows when cultivated rice seed fall into fields, overwinter and spontaneously germinate the next spring.
( Komatsu et al., 2020 )

Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
Graduate School of Science
Technology and Innovation, Japan

Accelerated domestication of African rice landraces by improving domestication traits such as sheed shattering, lodging and seed yield. The acceleration of the development of high-yield African landrace varieties is important considering that Africa has a strong growing population and prone to food shortage.
( Lacchini et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Milan, Italy
University of Montpellier, France

Rescued hybrid female fertility. Hybrids between divergent populations commonly show hybrid sterility; this reproductive barrier hinders hybrid breeding of the japonica and indica rice subspecies.
( Guo et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
South China Agricultural University, China

Enhanced biomass saccharification by remodelling of cell wall composition.
( Dang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, China

Higher haploid induction rate. Haploid induction allows formation of doubled haploids, which can be used to rapidly fix genetic information.
( Jang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chonnam National University
Pusan National University
Kyung Hee University, South Korea

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

University of Science and Technology Beijing
Yili Normal University
Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences
Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., China

Generate self-compatible diploid potato lines for the application of efficient breeding methods.
( Eggers et al., 2021 )

SDN3
CRISPR/Cas

Solynta
Wageningen University &
Research, The Netherlands

Traits related to herbicide tolerance

Herbicide resistance.
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN2
TALENs

Iowa State University, USA

Resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides.
( Okuzaki et al., 2003 )

ODM

Tohoku University, Japan

Bispyribac sodium, haloxyfop
( Xu et al., 2021 )

Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Haloxyfop
( Liu et al., 2020 )

Anhui Agricultural University
Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Haloxyfop-R-methyl
( Xu et al., 2020 )

Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, China

Glyphosate
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Bispyribac sodium
( Kuang et al., 2020 )

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Zhejiang University, China
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway

Bispyribac sodium
( Butt et al., 2020 )

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia

Herbicide (haloxyfop) resistance.
( Li et al., 2020 )

Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Increased herbicide tolerance.
( Sun et al., 2016 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Herbicide tolerance: Bispyribac-sodium (BS). BS is a pyrimidinyl carboxy herbicide.
(Zafar et al., 2023)

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Constituent College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Pakistan

Improved paraquat resistance in rice without obvious yield penalty.
( Lyu et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Zhejiang University, China

Herbicide tolerance (ALS-targeting)
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiangsu University, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Herbicide tolerance: ALS-inhibiting
(Okuzaki et al., 2004)

ODM

Tohoku University, Japan

Herbicide resistance
( Shimatani et al. 2018 )

Kobe University, Japan
University of Tsukuba, Japan

Imazethapyr, imazapic
( Wang et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement
Yangzhou University
Jiangsu University, China
CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia

Bispyribac sodium
( Butt et al., 2017 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Rice University, USA

Imidizolinone
( Butler et al., 2016 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Michigan State University
University of Minnesota, USA

Imidizolinone
( Butler et al., 2016 )

SDN2
TALENs

Michigan State University
University of Minnesota, USA

Glyphosate
( Li et al., 2016 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Herboxidiene
( Butt et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
Universite Paris-Saclay, France

FCD & bipyrazone
( Lu et al., 2021 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China Agricultural University
Qingdao Kingagroot Compounds Co. Ltd
Guizhou University
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Imazamox
( Shimatani et al. 2017 )

Kobe University
University of Tsukuba
Meijo University, Japan

ALS-inhibiting herbicides broad spectrum: Nicosulfuron, imazapic, pyroxsulam, flucarbazone, bispyriba
(Zhang et al., 2020)

Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Agricultural University, China

Chlorsulfuron
( Veillet et al., 2019 )

Université Rennes 1
INRA PACA
Université Paris-Saclay, France

Haloxyfopo-R-methyl
( Li et al., 2018 )

Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Dinitroanaline
( Liu et al., 2021 )

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Zhejiang University
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway

Imidazolinone, haloxyfop-R-methyl, glufosinate, dinitroaniline
( Yan et al., 2021 )

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
China Agricultural University
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Jilin Agricultural University
Zhejiang University

Resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides.
( Wu et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China

Traits related to product color/flavour

Albino phenotype and early flowering.
( Charrier et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Université d'
Angers, France

Tangerine color
( Kim et al., 2022 )

SDN2
CRISPR/Cas

Hankyong National University
Korea Polar Research Institute
Chungbuk National University
Seoul National University College of Medicine
Hankyong National University, South Korea

Albino phenotype
( Bánfalvi et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

NARIC Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Hungary

Red rice. The pigments of coloured rice contain high levels of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins which have been recognized as health-promoting nutrients.
( Zhu et al., 2019 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Xiamen University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Minjiang University, China

Alleviated browning of freshly cut potatoes.
( Shi et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Shandong Agricultural University, China

Popcorn-like fragrance.
( Zhang et al., 2024 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

China National Rice Research Institute
China

Traits related to storage performance

High vigor and improved storage tolerance of seeds.
( Chen et al., 2022 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Improved cold storage and processing traits: reduced levels of acrylamide, reduced sugars.
(Clasen et al., 2017)

SDN1
TALENs

Cellectis Plant Science, USA

Reduced enzymatic browning. The formation of dark-colored precipitates in fruits and vegetables causes undesirable changes in organoleptic properties and the loss of nutritional quality.
( Gonzalez et al., 2020 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología (INTA)
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Improved seed storability. Deterioration of rice grain reduces the quality of rice, resulting in serious economic losses for farmers.
( Ma et al., 2015 )

SDN1
TALENs

China Agricultural University, China

Increased seed longevity. Maintaining seed longevity and preventing the decline of quality during long-term storage is a universal problem.
( Wang et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, China

Decreased cold-induced sweetening of the potato tubers.
Cold-storage causes undesired sweetening which reduces the quality and the commercial value of the tubers.
( Hassan et al., 2023 )

SDN1
CRISPR/Cas

Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center
Ain Shams University, Egypt

Traits categories

Genome Editing Technique

Countries

Plant

Sdn Type

Traits related to biotic stress tolerance

Traits related to abiotic stress tolerance

Traits related to improved food/feed quality

Traits related to increased plant yield and growth

Traits related to industrial utilization

Traits related to herbicide tolerance

Traits related to product color/flavour

Traits related to storage performance